THE LEVITICAL OFFERINGS and SACRIFICES

The Levitical Sacrifices & Offerings of the Sinai Covenant

Ezekiel's prophecy of the Prince of Israel:
"He must provide the sacrifice for sin, the oblation, the burnt offerings and the communion sacrifices to make expiation for the House of Israel." Ezekiel 45:17' All the Old Covenant sacrifices will be provided by the promised Davidic prince'Jesus of Nazareth.

Paul wrote to the Christian community at Colossus:
"Then never let anyone criticize you for what you eat or drink, or about observance of Annual Festivals, New Moons or Sabbaths. These are only a shadow of what was coming: the reality is the body of Christ."
Colossians 2:16

Name	Scripture	Purpose	Consisted of:	Who received	Prophetic Significance
1. Burnt offering Olah (Heb.) Sweet aroma Voluntary sacrifices	Lev. 1:3-17; 22:18-20	-to propitiate for sin in general (Lev 1:4) -to signify complete dedication and consecration to God; therefor it is called the "whole burnt offering"	According to wealth: -bull without blemish (Lev 1:3-9) -male sheep or goat without blemish (Lev 1:10-13) -Turtledoves or young pigeons (Lev 1:14-17)	-God's portion = entirely burnt on altar of burnt offerings (Lev 1:9) God received everything except the skin -Priest's portion = skin (Lev 7:8) -offer's portion = none	-Signifies complete dedication of life to God: 1.On the part of Christ (Matt.26:39-44; Mk 14:36 Lk 22:42; Phil 2:5-11) 2. On the part of the believer: (Rom 12:1,2; Heb 13:15)
2. Communion or Peace Sacrifice Shelem or shalem (Heb) Latin = Pax also called a Thanksgiving Sacrifice or in Hebrew a Toda Sacrifice. Latin = Eucharistia Voluntary sacrifices	Lev. 3:1-17 Lev. 7:11-21; Lev. 7:28–34; Lev. 9:18-21 Lev. 22:17-30; Lev. 21:21-30; Num. 15:7-12	The peace offering expressed peace and fellowship between the offender and God = the restoration of communion. The Toda or thank offering was a sacrifice for being saved from death and being given a new life.	According to wealth: 1. From the herd a male or female without blemish (Lev 3:1-5) 2.from the flock, a male or female without blemish (Lev 3:6-11) 3. From the goats (Lev 3:12-17). *minor imperfections sometimes permitted (Lev 3:22-23) -Grain made into a cake with oil and a wine libation accompanied the sacrifice (Num. 15:7-12) of every bull, lamb, or kid.	Fatty portions burned on the altar of burnt offering for God's portion (Lev 3:3-5). Breast (wave offering) and right thigh (heave offering for the priests); (Lev 7:30-34) Remainder to be eaten in the court by the offerer and his family: **the Toda, thank offering was to be eaten the same day (Lev. 7:15) This is the only offering in which the offerer shared and in which unleavened bread was eaten and wine is drunk. It is a sacrificial meal.*	Foreshadows the peace and restoration of perfect communion that the believer has with God through the giving of Jesus Christ to us in the Eucharist (eucharistia means thanks and the early church also called this communion meal the pax or the peace) 1Cor 5:7-8; 10:16-18; 11:23-26; Col. 1:20
3. Sin Sacrifices^* Hattat, (Heb.) Non-sweet aroma; Compulsory	Lev. 4:1-5:13; Lev. 6:17-23/ 6:24-30	To atone for sins committed un-knowingly, especially where no restitution was possible. *Note Num.15:30,31: The sin offering was of no avail in cases of defiant rebellion against God.	1. for high priest, a bull without blemish (Lev. 4:3-12) 2. for the congregation, a bull without blemish (Lev. 4:13-21) 3. for a ruler, a male goat without blemish (Lev. 4:22-26) 4. for a commoner, a female goat or female lamb, without blemish (Lev. 4: 27-35) 5. in cases of poverty, two turtledoves or two young pigeons (one for a sin offering, the other for a burnt offering) could be substituted (Lev. 5:7-9) 6. in cases of extreme poverty, fine flour could be substituted (Lev. 5:11-13) also note Heb. 9:22	God's portion = fatty portions burned on the altar of burnt offerings. (Lev. 4:8-10, 19, 26, 31, and 35) When the sin offering was for a high priest or congregation, the remainder of the bull was to be burned outside the camp. (Lev. 4:11; 12, 20, 21) When the sin offering was for a ruler or commoner, the remainder of the goat or lamb was to be eaten in the tabernacle court. (Lev. 6:26) Offer's portion = none	Prefigures the fact that in His death: 1. Christ was made sin for us. (2Cor. 5:21) 2. Christ suffered outside the gates of Jerusalem. Heb. 13:11-13
4. Trespass reparation Sacrifice 'asham (Heb) Non-sweet aroma Compulsory sacrifices	Lev 5:14-6:7 Lev. 7:1-10	To atone for sins committed unknowingly, especially where restitution was possible.	If the offense were against the Lord (tithes, offerings, etc.), a ram without blemish was to be brought; restitution was reckoned according to the priest's estimate of the value of the trespass plus one-fifth (Lev. 5:15, 16) If the offense were against man, a ram without blemish was to be brought; restitution was reckoned according to the value plus one-fifth (Lev. 6:4-6)	Fatty portions to be burned on the altar of burnt offering for God (Lev. 7:3-5) The remainder to be eaten in a holy place for the portion for priests' Offerer's portion = none	Foreshadows the fact that Christ is also our trespass offering (Col. 2:13). He has made reparation for our sins.
5. The Daily Burnt Sacrifice: The Standing or Perpetual Sacrifice Heb= Tamid pro. Tah-meed meaning "standing" as in continual. Compulsory sacrifices	Ex. 29:38-42 Num. 28:3-8 (bayin ha ereb) literal translation = between the twilights = 12 noon Dan. 12:11 Rev. 5:5-8 Non-Biblical References: Mishnah: Tamid 1-4 Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus 14.4.3; Special Laws I, Philo, XXXV	Daily sin offering for the Covenant people.	2 yearling male lambs. The first was tied to the altar at dawn (1^st hr) & sacrificed 9am (3^rd hr). The second lamb was tied to the altar at noon (6^th hr) & sacrificed at 3pm (9^th hr Hebrew time) Both lambs included libation of 4.5 ltrs fine flour mixed w/ 1.87 ltrs wine poured inside the sanctuary. This sacrifice was doubled on the Sabbath.	This whole burnt offering was to be offered perpetually. The Hebrew word Tamid means "Standing" as in perpetual.	Christ is the Standing (Tamid) Sacrifice (Rev. 5:5-6). His passion occurred in the same time frame as the Daily Sacrifice: At dawn He was condemned (Mat 26:66-75), at 9am He was crucified (Mk 5:25-6), at 12 the sun turned dark (Mat 27:45), at 3pm He died (Mat 27:46-50). John sees Jesus as the Standing Sacrifice in Rev. 5:6. He is also our High Priest (Heb 8:1-3)
6. Remembrance Sacrifices Compulsory	Lev. Chapter 23 Numbers 28:16-39	Annually for the sins of the people	See the chart: The 7 Annual Sacred Feasts	Sacrifices looking back to the Exodus experience	See the chart: The 7 Annual Sacred Feasts
7. New Moon sacrifices Compulsory sacrifices	Lev. 23:24; Num 28:11-15; 1Sam. 20:5, 18, 24; Is. 1:13-14; Ne. 10:34; Ezek. 46:6-7; Amos 8:5; Col. 2:16	To begin a new month in the lunar calendar	Whole burnt offering of: - 2 young bulls with cereal offering of 3/10th of an ephah of fine flour missed with oil - 1 ram with cereal offering of 2/10th of fine flour mixed with oil - 7 yearling lambs with cereal offering of 1/10 of fine flour mixed with oil (All without blemish ) and in addition to the Tamid sacrifice a goat offered as a sacrifice for sin with its accompanying libation	Offered to Yahweh (completely consumed on the altar) in honor of the new month along with a goat as a sin sacrifice for the faith community	In Colossians 2:16 Paul wrote: "...never let anyone criticize you for what you eat or drink, or about observance of annual festivals, New Moons or Sabbaths. These are only a shadow of what was coming: the reality is the body of Christ." All the Old Covenant blood sacrifices were a foreshadow of the perfect sacrifice of the Lamb of God.

Personal Grain offerings and Grain offerings & Red Wine libations
that accompanied the animal sacrifices

Name	Scripture	Purpose	Consisted of:	Who received	Prophetic Significance
Grain Offering Minhah (Heb) Sweet aroma Voluntary Red wine libation Heb. = yayin	Lev. 2:1-16 Lev. 6:7-11; Lev. 6:14-18; Lev. 7: 9-10; Lev. 7: 12-14/ Lev. 7: 1-4 Ex. 29:40; Lev. 23:13; Num 15:1-16	-The grain offering accompanied all burnt offerings. It signified that true repentance had now reestablished communion with God. Salt is added to every cereal offering (Lev. 2:12) -Wine libation accompanied Tamid sacrifice, Feast of Firstfruits, and Feast of New Moon sacrifices. In a burnt offering for a Communion sacrifice 3/10^th of a hin of wine must be included	Three Types of Grain offerings: 1. Fine flour mixed with oil and frankincense (Lev. 2:1-3) 2. Cakes made of fine flour mixed with oil and baked (Lev. 2:4-5) 3.Green heads of roasted grain mixed with oil and frankincense (Lev. 2:14,15)	-Memorial portion burned on the altar of burnt offering as God's portion. (Lev. 2:2,9,16) -Remainder to be eaten in the court of the Tabernacle by the Priests (Lev. 2:3,10; 6:16-18; 7:14,15) -None for offer's portion	Signifies the perfect humanity of Christ: 1. Absence of leaven typifies the sinlessness of Christ (Heb. 4:15; 1John 3:5) 2. The presence of oil is emblematic of the Holy Spirit (Lk.4:18; 1John 2:20, 27) 3. Wine = "blood of the grape" points to the Blood of the Lamb of God

^*Sin: There is no single word for "sin" in the Old or New Testament. The O.T. Hebrew words for sin are: hatta't = to miss the mark, awon =iniquity (damage to sinner only), asam =sin liability in harming another but not malicious, segagah =straying off the path, pasa =mortal sin, open rebellion against God. New Testament Greek words for sin: harasitia = venial (unintentional sin), and harartema = mortal sin (intentional disobedience to the Law of God. Michal Hunt revised 2004

The Sabbath requirement and the 3 Pilgrim Feasts are expanded to the observance of 7 annual holy days of obligation, but only 3 feasts require attendance at God's holy altar